Ruby: ¿Cómo convertir un hash en parámetros HTTP?


Eso es bastante fácil con un hash simple como

{:a => "a", :b => "b"} 

Que se traduciría en

"a=a&b=b"

Pero ¿qué haces con algo más complejo como

{:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]} 

Que debería traducirse en

"a=a&b[0]=c&b[1]=d&b[2]=e" 

O peor aún, (qué hacer) con algo como:

{:a => "a", :b => [{:c => "c", :d => "d"}, {:e => "e", :f => "f"}]

¡Gracias por la ayuda tan apreciada con eso!

Author: Flip, 2009-04-28

13 answers

Actualización: Esta funcionalidad fue eliminada de la gema.

Julien, tu auto-respuesta es buena, y la he tomado prestada desvergonzadamente, pero no escapa adecuadamente a los personajes reservados, y hay algunos otros casos extremos en los que se rompe.

require "addressable/uri"
uri = Addressable::URI.new
uri.query_values = {:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]}
uri.query
# => "a=a&b[0]=c&b[1]=d&b[2]=e"
uri.query_values = {:a => "a", :b => [{:c => "c", :d => "d"}, {:e => "e", :f => "f"}]}
uri.query
# => "a=a&b[0][c]=c&b[0][d]=d&b[1][e]=e&b[1][f]=f"
uri.query_values = {:a => "a", :b => {:c => "c", :d => "d"}}
uri.query
# => "a=a&b[c]=c&b[d]=d"
uri.query_values = {:a => "a", :b => {:c => "c", :d => true}}
uri.query
# => "a=a&b[c]=c&b[d]"
uri.query_values = {:a => "a", :b => {:c => "c", :d => true}, :e => []}
uri.query
# => "a=a&b[c]=c&b[d]"

La gema es 'direccionable '

gem install addressable
 83
Author: Bob Aman,
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2015-06-28 03:23:45

Para los hashes básicos no anidados, Rails/ActiveSupport tiene Object#to_query.

>> {:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]}.to_query
=> "a=a&b%5B%5D=c&b%5B%5D=d&b%5B%5D=e"
>> CGI.unescape({:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]}.to_query)
=> "a=a&b[]=c&b[]=d&b[]=e"

Http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/Object.html#method-i-to_query

 236
Author: Gabe Martin-Dempesy,
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2017-11-21 07:15:13

Si está usando Ruby 1.9.2 o posterior, puede usar URI.encode_www_form si no necesita arrays.

Por ejemplo (de los documentos de Ruby en 1.9.3):

URI.encode_www_form([["q", "ruby"], ["lang", "en"]])
#=> "q=ruby&lang=en"
URI.encode_www_form("q" => "ruby", "lang" => "en")
#=> "q=ruby&lang=en"
URI.encode_www_form("q" => ["ruby", "perl"], "lang" => "en")
#=> "q=ruby&q=perl&lang=en"
URI.encode_www_form([["q", "ruby"], ["q", "perl"], ["lang", "en"]])
#=> "q=ruby&q=perl&lang=en"

Notará que los valores de la matriz no se establecen con nombres de clave que contengan [] como todos nos hemos acostumbrado en las cadenas de consulta. La especificación que utiliza encode_www_form está de acuerdo con la definición HTML5 de los datos application/x-www-form-urlencoded.

 131
Author: Bo Jeanes,
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2012-06-28 19:35:42

Hay una forma mucho más fácil de hacer esto si estás usando Rails: http://apidock.com/rails/ActiveSupport/CoreExtensions/Hash/to_query

Así que usted podría hacer:

{:a => "a", :b => "b"}.to_query
 91
Author: lmanners,
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2013-06-29 00:42:06

No hay necesidad de cargar el ActiveSupport hinchado o rodar su propio, se puede utilizar Rack::Utils.build_query y Rack::Utils.build_nested_query. Aquí hay una entrada de blog que da un buen ejemplo:

require 'rack'

Rack::Utils.build_query(
  authorization_token: "foo",
  access_level: "moderator",
  previous: "index"
)

# => "authorization_token=foo&access_level=moderator&previous=index"

Incluso maneja matrices:

Rack::Utils.build_query( {:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]} )
# => "a=a&b=c&b=d&b=e"
Rack::Utils.parse_query _
# => {"a"=>"a", "b"=>["c", "d", "e"]}

O las cosas anidadas más difíciles:

Rack::Utils.build_nested_query( {:a => "a", :b => [{:c => "c", :d => "d"}, {:e => "e", :f => "f"}] } )
# => "a=a&b[][c]=c&b[][d]=d&b[][e]=e&b[][f]=f"
Rack::Utils.parse_nested_query _
# => {"a"=>"a", "b"=>[{"c"=>"c", "d"=>"d", "e"=>"e", "f"=>"f"}]}
 53
Author: iain,
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2013-01-16 22:36:30

Robar a Merb:

# File merb/core_ext/hash.rb, line 87
def to_params
  params = ''
  stack = []

  each do |k, v|
    if v.is_a?(Hash)
      stack << [k,v]
    else
      params << "#{k}=#{v}&"
    end
  end

  stack.each do |parent, hash|
    hash.each do |k, v|
      if v.is_a?(Hash)
        stack << ["#{parent}[#{k}]", v]
      else
        params << "#{parent}[#{k}]=#{v}&"
      end
    end
  end

  params.chop! # trailing &
  params
end

Véase http://noobkit.com/show/ruby/gems/development/merb/hash/to_params.html

 9
Author: Avdi,
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2009-04-28 16:24:04

Aquí hay un corto y dulce trazador de líneas si solo necesita admitir cadenas de consulta de clave/valor ASCII simples:

hash = {"foo" => "bar", "fooz" => 123}
# => {"foo"=>"bar", "fooz"=>123}
query_string = hash.to_a.map { |x| "#{x[0]}=#{x[1]}" }.join("&")
# => "foo=bar&fooz=123"
 9
Author: Hubro,
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2013-06-05 13:54:24
class Hash
  def to_params
    params = ''
    stack = []

    each do |k, v|
      if v.is_a?(Hash)
        stack << [k,v]
      elsif v.is_a?(Array)
        stack << [k,Hash.from_array(v)]
      else
        params << "#{k}=#{v}&"
      end
    end

    stack.each do |parent, hash|
      hash.each do |k, v|
        if v.is_a?(Hash)
          stack << ["#{parent}[#{k}]", v]
        else
          params << "#{parent}[#{k}]=#{v}&"
        end
      end
    end

    params.chop! 
    params
  end

  def self.from_array(array = [])
    h = Hash.new
    array.size.times do |t|
      h[t] = array[t]
    end
    h
  end

end
 4
Author: Julien Genestoux,
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2009-04-28 17:06:17
{:a=>"a", :b=>"b", :c=>"c"}.map{ |x,v| "#{x}=#{v}" }.reduce{|x,v| "#{x}&#{v}" }

"a=a&b=b&c=c"

Aquí hay otra manera. Para consultas simples.

 3
Author: Зелёный,
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2013-09-01 17:12:16

Sé que esta es una vieja pregunta, pero solo quería publicar este bit de código ya que no pude encontrar una gema simple para hacer esta tarea por mí.

module QueryParams

  def self.encode(value, key = nil)
    case value
    when Hash  then value.map { |k,v| encode(v, append_key(key,k)) }.join('&')
    when Array then value.map { |v| encode(v, "#{key}[]") }.join('&')
    when nil   then ''
    else            
      "#{key}=#{CGI.escape(value.to_s)}" 
    end
  end

  private

  def self.append_key(root_key, key)
    root_key.nil? ? key : "#{root_key}[#{key.to_s}]"
  end
end

Enrollado como gema aquí: https://github.com/simen/queryparams

 2
Author: svale,
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2011-10-31 11:01:50

Me gusta usar esta gema:

Https://rubygems.org/gems/php_http_build_query

Uso de la muestra:

puts PHP.http_build_query({"a"=>"b","c"=>"d","e"=>[{"hello"=>"world","bah"=>"black"},{"hello"=>"world","bah"=>"black"}]})

# a=b&c=d&e%5B0%5D%5Bbah%5D=black&e%5B0%5D%5Bhello%5D=world&e%5B1%5D%5Bbah%5D=black&e%5B1%5D%5Bhello%5D=world
 0
Author: John,
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2015-04-03 23:13:38

El mejor enfoque es usar Hash.to_params que es el que funciona bien con los arrays.

{a: 1, b: [1,2,3]}.to_param
"a=1&b[]=1&b[]=2&b[]=3"
 0
Author: fhidalgo,
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2017-11-20 22:15:03
require 'uri'

class Hash
  def to_query_hash(key)
    reduce({}) do |h, (k, v)|
      new_key = key.nil? ? k : "#{key}[#{k}]"
      v = Hash[v.each_with_index.to_a.map(&:reverse)] if v.is_a?(Array)
      if v.is_a?(Hash)
        h.merge!(v.to_query_hash(new_key))
      else
        h[new_key] = v
      end
      h
    end
  end

  def to_query(key = nil)
    URI.encode_www_form(to_query_hash(key))
  end
end

2.4.2 :019 > {:a => "a", :b => "b"}.to_query_hash(nil)
 => {:a=>"a", :b=>"b"}

2.4.2 :020 > {:a => "a", :b => "b"}.to_query
 => "a=a&b=b"

2.4.2 :021 > {:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]}.to_query_hash(nil)
 => {:a=>"a", "b[0]"=>"c", "b[1]"=>"d", "b[2]"=>"e"}

2.4.2 :022 > {:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]}.to_query
 => "a=a&b%5B0%5D=c&b%5B1%5D=d&b%5B2%5D=e"
 0
Author: mhorbul,
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2018-08-30 21:27:05