Ruby: ¿Cómo convertir un hash en parámetros HTTP?
Eso es bastante fácil con un hash simple como
{:a => "a", :b => "b"}
Que se traduciría en
"a=a&b=b"
Pero ¿qué haces con algo más complejo como
{:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]}
Que debería traducirse en
"a=a&b[0]=c&b[1]=d&b[2]=e"
O peor aún, (qué hacer) con algo como:
{:a => "a", :b => [{:c => "c", :d => "d"}, {:e => "e", :f => "f"}]
¡Gracias por la ayuda tan apreciada con eso!
13 answers
Actualización: Esta funcionalidad fue eliminada de la gema.
Julien, tu auto-respuesta es buena, y la he tomado prestada desvergonzadamente, pero no escapa adecuadamente a los personajes reservados, y hay algunos otros casos extremos en los que se rompe.
require "addressable/uri"
uri = Addressable::URI.new
uri.query_values = {:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]}
uri.query
# => "a=a&b[0]=c&b[1]=d&b[2]=e"
uri.query_values = {:a => "a", :b => [{:c => "c", :d => "d"}, {:e => "e", :f => "f"}]}
uri.query
# => "a=a&b[0][c]=c&b[0][d]=d&b[1][e]=e&b[1][f]=f"
uri.query_values = {:a => "a", :b => {:c => "c", :d => "d"}}
uri.query
# => "a=a&b[c]=c&b[d]=d"
uri.query_values = {:a => "a", :b => {:c => "c", :d => true}}
uri.query
# => "a=a&b[c]=c&b[d]"
uri.query_values = {:a => "a", :b => {:c => "c", :d => true}, :e => []}
uri.query
# => "a=a&b[c]=c&b[d]"
La gema es 'direccionable '
gem install addressable
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2015-06-28 03:23:45
Para los hashes básicos no anidados, Rails/ActiveSupport tiene Object#to_query
.
>> {:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]}.to_query
=> "a=a&b%5B%5D=c&b%5B%5D=d&b%5B%5D=e"
>> CGI.unescape({:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]}.to_query)
=> "a=a&b[]=c&b[]=d&b[]=e"
Http://api.rubyonrails.org/classes/Object.html#method-i-to_query
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2017-11-21 07:15:13
Si está usando Ruby 1.9.2 o posterior, puede usar URI.encode_www_form
si no necesita arrays.
Por ejemplo (de los documentos de Ruby en 1.9.3):
URI.encode_www_form([["q", "ruby"], ["lang", "en"]])
#=> "q=ruby&lang=en"
URI.encode_www_form("q" => "ruby", "lang" => "en")
#=> "q=ruby&lang=en"
URI.encode_www_form("q" => ["ruby", "perl"], "lang" => "en")
#=> "q=ruby&q=perl&lang=en"
URI.encode_www_form([["q", "ruby"], ["q", "perl"], ["lang", "en"]])
#=> "q=ruby&q=perl&lang=en"
Notará que los valores de la matriz no se establecen con nombres de clave que contengan []
como todos nos hemos acostumbrado en las cadenas de consulta. La especificación que utiliza encode_www_form
está de acuerdo con la definición HTML5 de los datos application/x-www-form-urlencoded
.
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2012-06-28 19:35:42
Hay una forma mucho más fácil de hacer esto si estás usando Rails: http://apidock.com/rails/ActiveSupport/CoreExtensions/Hash/to_query
Así que usted podría hacer:
{:a => "a", :b => "b"}.to_query
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2013-06-29 00:42:06
No hay necesidad de cargar el ActiveSupport hinchado o rodar su propio, se puede utilizar Rack::Utils.build_query
y Rack::Utils.build_nested_query
. Aquí hay una entrada de blog que da un buen ejemplo:
require 'rack'
Rack::Utils.build_query(
authorization_token: "foo",
access_level: "moderator",
previous: "index"
)
# => "authorization_token=foo&access_level=moderator&previous=index"
Incluso maneja matrices:
Rack::Utils.build_query( {:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]} )
# => "a=a&b=c&b=d&b=e"
Rack::Utils.parse_query _
# => {"a"=>"a", "b"=>["c", "d", "e"]}
O las cosas anidadas más difíciles:
Rack::Utils.build_nested_query( {:a => "a", :b => [{:c => "c", :d => "d"}, {:e => "e", :f => "f"}] } )
# => "a=a&b[][c]=c&b[][d]=d&b[][e]=e&b[][f]=f"
Rack::Utils.parse_nested_query _
# => {"a"=>"a", "b"=>[{"c"=>"c", "d"=>"d", "e"=>"e", "f"=>"f"}]}
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2013-01-16 22:36:30
Robar a Merb:
# File merb/core_ext/hash.rb, line 87
def to_params
params = ''
stack = []
each do |k, v|
if v.is_a?(Hash)
stack << [k,v]
else
params << "#{k}=#{v}&"
end
end
stack.each do |parent, hash|
hash.each do |k, v|
if v.is_a?(Hash)
stack << ["#{parent}[#{k}]", v]
else
params << "#{parent}[#{k}]=#{v}&"
end
end
end
params.chop! # trailing &
params
end
Véase http://noobkit.com/show/ruby/gems/development/merb/hash/to_params.html
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2009-04-28 16:24:04
Aquí hay un corto y dulce trazador de líneas si solo necesita admitir cadenas de consulta de clave/valor ASCII simples:
hash = {"foo" => "bar", "fooz" => 123}
# => {"foo"=>"bar", "fooz"=>123}
query_string = hash.to_a.map { |x| "#{x[0]}=#{x[1]}" }.join("&")
# => "foo=bar&fooz=123"
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2013-06-05 13:54:24
class Hash
def to_params
params = ''
stack = []
each do |k, v|
if v.is_a?(Hash)
stack << [k,v]
elsif v.is_a?(Array)
stack << [k,Hash.from_array(v)]
else
params << "#{k}=#{v}&"
end
end
stack.each do |parent, hash|
hash.each do |k, v|
if v.is_a?(Hash)
stack << ["#{parent}[#{k}]", v]
else
params << "#{parent}[#{k}]=#{v}&"
end
end
end
params.chop!
params
end
def self.from_array(array = [])
h = Hash.new
array.size.times do |t|
h[t] = array[t]
end
h
end
end
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2009-04-28 17:06:17
{:a=>"a", :b=>"b", :c=>"c"}.map{ |x,v| "#{x}=#{v}" }.reduce{|x,v| "#{x}&#{v}" }
"a=a&b=b&c=c"
Aquí hay otra manera. Para consultas simples.
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2013-09-01 17:12:16
Sé que esta es una vieja pregunta, pero solo quería publicar este bit de código ya que no pude encontrar una gema simple para hacer esta tarea por mí.
module QueryParams
def self.encode(value, key = nil)
case value
when Hash then value.map { |k,v| encode(v, append_key(key,k)) }.join('&')
when Array then value.map { |v| encode(v, "#{key}[]") }.join('&')
when nil then ''
else
"#{key}=#{CGI.escape(value.to_s)}"
end
end
private
def self.append_key(root_key, key)
root_key.nil? ? key : "#{root_key}[#{key.to_s}]"
end
end
Enrollado como gema aquí: https://github.com/simen/queryparams
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2011-10-31 11:01:50
Me gusta usar esta gema:
Https://rubygems.org/gems/php_http_build_query
Uso de la muestra:
puts PHP.http_build_query({"a"=>"b","c"=>"d","e"=>[{"hello"=>"world","bah"=>"black"},{"hello"=>"world","bah"=>"black"}]})
# a=b&c=d&e%5B0%5D%5Bbah%5D=black&e%5B0%5D%5Bhello%5D=world&e%5B1%5D%5Bbah%5D=black&e%5B1%5D%5Bhello%5D=world
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2015-04-03 23:13:38
El mejor enfoque es usar Hash.to_params que es el que funciona bien con los arrays.
{a: 1, b: [1,2,3]}.to_param
"a=1&b[]=1&b[]=2&b[]=3"
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2017-11-20 22:15:03
require 'uri'
class Hash
def to_query_hash(key)
reduce({}) do |h, (k, v)|
new_key = key.nil? ? k : "#{key}[#{k}]"
v = Hash[v.each_with_index.to_a.map(&:reverse)] if v.is_a?(Array)
if v.is_a?(Hash)
h.merge!(v.to_query_hash(new_key))
else
h[new_key] = v
end
h
end
end
def to_query(key = nil)
URI.encode_www_form(to_query_hash(key))
end
end
2.4.2 :019 > {:a => "a", :b => "b"}.to_query_hash(nil)
=> {:a=>"a", :b=>"b"}
2.4.2 :020 > {:a => "a", :b => "b"}.to_query
=> "a=a&b=b"
2.4.2 :021 > {:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]}.to_query_hash(nil)
=> {:a=>"a", "b[0]"=>"c", "b[1]"=>"d", "b[2]"=>"e"}
2.4.2 :022 > {:a => "a", :b => ["c", "d", "e"]}.to_query
=> "a=a&b%5B0%5D=c&b%5B1%5D=d&b%5B2%5D=e"
Warning: date(): Invalid date.timezone value 'Europe/Kyiv', we selected the timezone 'UTC' for now. in /var/www/agent_stack/data/www/ajaxhispano.com/template/agent.layouts/content.php on line 61
2018-08-30 21:27:05